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Wednesday, March 27, 2013

VIOLENCE IN SOUTH AFRICA – WHAT LIES BEHIND IT?

SA Voicing
Independent Researcher

For more complete information on the topic, please see posts A to Q.

The National Democratic Revolution (NDR), Socialism, Cadre Deployment, the ANC’s revolutionary culture… are these linked to revolutionary strikes and public violence?

The article takes the ANC’s viewpoints as starting point. Information quoted on the NDR, Socialism and cadre deployment is obtained mainly from official ANC sources. It hence reflects a scenario, based on the party’s underlying beliefs and philosophies.

The question will be asked whether the ANC’s revolutionary history and character instigate violence, as seen in strikes and civil unrests.

The ANC’s ongoing Commitment to Revolution

The ANC’s website explains that its revolutionary history started long ago: (1*) “Our struggle for freedom has a long history. It goes back to the days when the African people fought spear in hand against the British and Boer colonisers. The ANC has kept this spirit of resistance alive!”

The ANC emphasises that its history is about revolution and struggle and reiterates that there will be no change of this belief.

The NDR is the vehicle to continuously carry the revolution forward. (2*) Wikipedia states that the ANC “deems itself a force of national liberation in the post-Apartheid era; it officially defines its agenda as the National Democratic Revolution (NDR). The NDR is described as a process through which the National Democratic Society (NDS) is achieved”.

(3*) A research and policy brief of the South African Institute for Race Relations (SAIRR) confirms that: “In the post-Apartheid period, the ruling African National Congress (ANC) has persisted in its determination to implement a NDR. It makes no secret of this, regularly re-affirming this objective at its five-yearly national conferences”.
The SAIRR concludes that (3*) “The ANC sees itself not as an ordinary political party bound by the ordinary rules of the political game, but as a national liberation movement responsible for implementing the NDR”.

The NDR is the (4*) “glue that holds the tripartite alliance together”; it is the common driving force that seeks (5*) to defeat “the white ruling class culture” or “monopoly capital”. The ANC, the SACP and Cosatu are equally committed to the NDR and its aims.

The NDR, Socialism, Revolutionary Strikes and Civil Violence

Violence has reached an all-time high in South Africa. (6/7*) Wikipedia reports that 2012 was “the most protest filled year in the country since the end of Apartheid”. Others describe the rapidly increasing wave of protest as a 'rebellion of the poor' or a series of 'municipal revolts'. Zwelinzima Vavi, COSATU Secretary General, calls it a "ring of fire" closing in on major cities that could result in a “Tunisia style revolution”.

(7*) Wikipedia quotes Professor Peter Alexander to say: "Many commentators and activists now accept service delivery protests are part of a broader rebellion of the poor. This rebellion is massive. I have not yet found any other country where there is a similar level of ongoing urban unrest. South Africa can reasonably be described as the ‘protest capital of the world’.
 
(8*) News 24 states that the country is set to record “the highest number of delivery-linked protest since 1994”. It quotes National Police spokesman Colonel Vishnu Naidoo to say: “372 protests related to service delivery, had been recorded between January and the end of May 2012” In addition to the increase in numbers, “ordinary” strikes and protests tend to turn into uncontrolled “revolution” and “war”.
Could the ANC beliefs and philosophies contribute to “revolution” and “war”, especially amongst the working class and the unemployed? What role does the “utopia” associated with Socialism play in the behaviour of the proletariat?
Consider the following:



(9*) The ANC defines the transformation from capitalism to socialism as a process:  
“The first step in this process is the seizure of political power by the working class majority of society.
Once in political power, the working class can then move to assert its control over the economy. Once the working class democratically runs the economy in the interests of all, instead of in the interests of a handful of capitalists; then very quickly we will be able to provide the basic necessities and then much more to everyone. We will be able to abolish unemployment, provide free, quality healthcare, education, housing, and more to everyone.(the “utopia” referred to above)
The productive forces will be radically developed to benefit as many people as possible, and their development will not be privately owned by capitalists.Production and distribution will be socialized.”

 
(9*) The ANC states that: “The NDR is the road to Socialism; the working class is central to national liberation and social revolution; revolution is the stage between Capitalism to Socialism”.

Are the masses, but more specifically the working class merely claiming what they have been promised for so long, feeling it rightfully belongs to them? To what extent could current violence be associated with a transition to Socialism?
 
The ANC’s Revolutionary Philosophy, Guiding and Directing Transformation from Capitalism to Socialism.
 
(10*) Wikipedia defines socialism as: “An economic system characterized by social ownership and control of the means of production and cooperative management of the economy, and a political philosophy advocating such a system”.
 
The masses’ expectations are not only kept alive, but are consciously instigated by the ANC and its alliances, e.g.: (9*) (i) “Political power and the state will be under control of the working class as set out in the Freedom Charter”, including (11*) (ii) “the seizure of economic assets presently owned either by South African capitalist firms or trans-national corporations” and (iii) We (Cosatu) (12) “reject the separation of the NDR from socialism and asserts that the dictatorship of the proletariat is the only guarantee that there will be a transition from NDR to socialism”.

Cadre Deployment, Revolution and Violence

Cadre deployment aims at providing operational exposure to “comrades” as part of the ANC’s revolutionary force. Cadres actively pursue the NDR aims in an effort to bring about transformation through revolution:



(13*) The ANC defines cadres as “a radical political entity” focusing on achieving “the objectives of the National Democratic Revolution (NDR) and to implement the Freedom Charter”. Building “an army of cadres that wherever they are deployed, will tirelessly and with boldness and innovation pursue the objectives of the National Democratic Revolution”.
(14*) On 12 January 2013, COSATU President, Sidumo Dlamini, confirmed that: “Every deployed cadre must know the ANC wants the Freedom Charter to become a reality”
For an in-depth discussion of the ANC’s “revolutionary culture”, please see Blogs C to F.


(15*) Times Live reports as follows on cadre deployment: "The ANC's deployment strategy systematically places loyalty ahead of merit and even competence, and is therefore a serious obstacle to an efficient public service". It concludes: "In the entire public service, skilled managers constitute a mere 0.4%". Incompetence more than often leads poor service delivery, sparking wide scale protests and violence. 




(16*) An article titled “Violence a relic from people's war to make SA ungovernable”states that: “During their long campaign to win power by making the country ungovernable via a no-holds-barred ‘people’s war’, the ruling alliance made up of the African National Congress (ANC), the South African Communist Party and the Congress of South African Trade Unions (Cosatu), injected into the bloodstream of the body politic a virus of violence that they cannot now eradicate. Killing people in the context of inter-union rivalry at Lonmin is also a manifestation of a principle that the ruling alliance introduced during its people’s war, which was to eliminate rival political organisations as far as possible. Some of the rival factions within the ANC are now using violence; possibly even assassinations against one another”.


 
Have we reached a “point of saturation” where the crop is more than ready to be reaped? Unaffiliated individuals (the Malemas) and groups (*Democratic Socialist Movements) seem to simply step in and take control of the proletariat? In this regard Julius Malema as an outsider, continues with the revolutionary rhetoric he became so used to, in the ANC.

(17*) The Telegraph reports that: “Julius Malema called for a national strike, telling the miners: “You must put down the tools and stop production.This is a serious revolution” he said. Senior ANC youth league figures allege that Julius Malema is being helped by ANC backers to foment his "mining revolution.”

South Africa could expect the NDR’s revolutionary intent to intensify, with a more hardening role of the ANC. “The ANC, COSATU and the South African Communist party, the custodians of the status quo, are forced to play catch-up and do damage control as they fight white power imperialism”. We have already seen this in the way Cosatu (and Government?) managed the farm workers strike of in the Eastern Cape. Violence and war talk were at the order of the day. (18*) MNet’s Carte Blanche broadcast quotes Cosatu’s Provincial President to say: “Even if the workers lose this battle around real wages now, the bigger war for an end to apartheid practices on farms, will continue." A community leader remarked: "I think there isa revolution starting... and it is the revolution of the peasant”.

In its effort to win back support for Cosatu, Government is implicated to support those on strike. (19*) Business Day Live reports that Minister Joemat-Pettersson's “wilfully condoned violence when the strikes initially broke”. She is blamed to have“done everything to exacerbate the problem”. She also provided food parcels to strikers. Some interpret this as “incitement to violence”. She even promised that all charges of intimidation and public violence by strikers would be withdrawn. This happened not withstanding the fact that “a total of 337 people were arrested, two people died in the strikes, 28 civilians were injured, 68 police officers were hurt, and 25 police vehicles were damaged. Damage to private property could not be estimated!”

Minister Joemat-Pettersson's told the workers that they had "won" their strike because they had made the government listen to them. "I will speak to President Zuma on your behalf”, she said.

(18*) Carte Blanche suggests that strikes in the Western Cape were “politically motivated” and that the farm workers strike was “very well orchestrated”. Large numbers of “strikers” were bussed from one area to another to create new centres of violence. Some suggest that government played a role in this.

Notwithstanding Cosatu’s and Government’s alleged efforts in the Western Cape, NUM still finds itself“having to deal with losing ground, membership and a grip on the industry”. (20*) Licking his wounds NUM’s Seshoka states that: “Violence has been the go-to solution far too often. This is very worrisome. This may be the beginning of more violence.”

(21*) True to this, after at least 34 people were killed, violence again erupted at Amplats. A spokesperson of the mine confirmed that “police were investigating cases of public violence, attempted murder and assault with intent to cause grievous bodily harm”. The Amplats Workers’Committee stated that five NUM members had been shot. One of them was shot in the head. 




Conclusion



      (22*) It is sad that after close to 20 years of democracy and freedom, one has to admit that “violence is deeply ingrained in the social fabric of the country”. Violence associated with uncontrolled strikes and protests is but one facet a South Africa’s lawlessness society broad to being under ANC rule. The country has already been labelled as the crime capital of the world, the rape capital of the world and now the strike capital of the world.   

       The influence of the ANC’s revolutionary culture, the National Democratic Revolution, Socialism and cadre deployment can simply not be ignored in the kind of Rainbow Nation the ANC has created.  

       (23*) “It is a historically undisputable fact that Moses Kotane, J B Marks, Dora Tamane, Joe Slovo, Moses Mabhida, Ray Alexander, Chris Hani and other, was a member of the ANC in his or her own right. Each one of them was as committed to the cause of socialism as they were to the National Democratic Revolution”

       The end!



Source Material

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(1*) African national Congress – South Africa’s National Liberation Movement – A brief history of the African National Congress http://www.google.co.za/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CDIQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anc.org.za%2Fshow.php%3Fid%3D206&ei=ggPXUM-BsKYhQeO_oDgBA&usg=AFQjCNFEsHP1_0PQdyt7QruFsjv_3SOQvg&sig2=By0EXzeegpPjuFwKlljRZQ

(2*) Wikipedia -- African National Congress
http://www.google.co.za/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CC8QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAfrican_National_Congress&ei=Q6TzUPj0B8WIhQfe6YDYDg&usg=AFQjCNFFwEsktkf4y1l0J9Jo5uZix3M-Iw&sig2=dUNt7vqFo8ecVcw4ISGHIA

(3*)SA Inst for Race Relations: Research and Policy Brief --The National Democratic Revolution (NDR): Its Origins and Implications - 31st May 2012 http://www.google.co.za/url?q=http://www.sairr.org.za/sairr-today-1/research-and-policy-brief-the-national-democratic-revolution-ndr-its-origins-and-implications-31st-may-2012&sa=U&ei=bZesULK0E5O2hAe184HgBA&ved=0CBsQFjAD&usg=AFQjCNF2r-Cp5e3fpFosQ78Qz17o__CXmA

(4*) SACP – What is the National Democratic Revolution? Blade Nzimande, General Secretaryhttp://www.google.co.za/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&ved=0CDcQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacp.org.za%2Fmain.php%3FID%3D1850&ei=C-wYUeHiJ9SXhQerpoG4Bg&usg=AFQjCNGLpxeXSLeK6g6bfoJpeO6ijaPezQ&sig2=wNbkfSL884g0uhZKdTFp9g

(5*) South African history online – The struggle against cultural racismhttp://www.google.co.za/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=4&cad=rja&ved=0CEUQFjAD&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sahistory.org.za%2Farchive%2Fstruggle-against-cultural-racism&ei=qq7zUKfAAtGDhQeF84HwBA&usg=AFQjCNEOMm_J2yMlb6-C2xArU36hPG__3A&sig2=QtjcBuj_8xPj8S6_7jh5Iw

(6*) Wikipedia -- Marikana miners' strikehttp://www.google.co.za/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&sqi=2&ved=0CC8QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMarikana_miners'_strike&ei=12JAUaOhLuq57AaM04GIDw&usg=AFQjCNF7xfkQvYarc9N9_0rh9J33ADIKEQ&sig2=tIi-TdFCSbqgo79wWhGkvg

(7*) Wikipedia – Protest in South Africa
http://www.google.co.za/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CC8QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FProtest_in_South_Africa&ei=ULZEUer1IPTb7Aac9YBg&usg=AFQjCNF7bWje_QzSwz9JtUNlxlQBkQr5bw&sig2=BrzADIjbuuBl1qebGCdAjg

(8*) News 24 -- Protests are spiralling, study finds
http://www.google.co.za/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&sqi=2&ved=0CEAQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news24.com%2FSouthAfrica%2FNews%2FStudy-finds-protests-are-spiralling-20120617&ei=vWNAUYiTIa-f7AbGg4G4Dw&usg=AFQjCNH6xUOBf3gKeirtz386FAr1PsWcTA&sig2=ve1a7XHez51u_LH-sJihZw

(9*) National Democratic Revolution -- ANCYL Political Education Manual
http://www.google.co.za/url?q=http://www.ancyl.org.za/docs/political/2009/NDR%2520Presentationb.pdf&sa=U&ei=QoCvUOOyHIuGhQeg0IG4Dw&ved=0CBQQFjAA&sig2=oK_BNB9D9OdrNfW59beo9g&usg=AFQjCNGDm-FqziG398_FThuWqxoNNOl3Hg

(10*) Wikipedia: Socialism http://www.google.co.za/url
 sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&sqi=2&ved=0CC0QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSocialism&ei=dAfvUNyKJ4-2hAeMvYDIAg&usg=AFQjCNGVlGM8XUn5qCTPLJ1JuNC0N-zj2A&sig2=ibbUVF5WaX_O5hhYJqgzoA

(11*) African National Congress -- “The Nature of the South African Ruling Class
http://www.google.co.za/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&sqi=2&ved=0CC8QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anc.org.za%2Fshow.php%3Fid%3D139&ei=Whv9UOyoB5KRhQfS8YEw&usg=AFQjCNHDgTOp4mmnsAX5mONLr4ZWtooRdQ&sig2=9KfgkxnUjMbTDBNuEW_gqA&bvm=bv.41248874,d.d2k

(12*) Cosatu -- Political Resolutions of the 9th National Congresshttp://www.google.co.za/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CC8QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cosatu.org.za%2Fdocs%2Fresolutions%2F2006%2Fresolutions.htm&ei=EiAaUc62MtO7hAe_loDwAQ&usg=AFQjCNE9OEv_Edh4eDmDV86zgQ-Xu287pQ&sig2=PWU2KBIDBjCNht2C7_irhQ

(13*) ANC -- Tasks of the NDR and the Mobilisation of the Motive Forces http://www.google.co.za/url?q=http://www.anc.org.za/show.php%3Fid%3D2356&sa=U&ei=P4WvUNWEBsK7hAekkYCIBg&ved=0CBQQFjAA&sig2=upSc2uxvJWrC9CcxCsJzTg&usg=AFQjCNHtWJojrCKw0EnQFzhSnESeK26ELA


(14*) Politicsweb -- Govt must use constitution to force land redistribution - Sidumo Dlamini
http://www.google.co.za/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CC8QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politicsweb.co.za%2Fpoliticsweb%2Fview%2Fpoliticsweb%2Fen%2Fpage71619%3Foid%3D350067%26sn%3DDetail%26pid%3D71619&ei=hRxGUbbNHrKP7Abe7oCACw&usg=AFQjCNHEL5G7YS8EQjEwK58akt5r7ozapA&sig2=3Jbrgrwe5VZV1VMAG8fHww

(15*) Times Live -- Study states cadre deployment behind service delivery hell http://www.google.co.za/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=4&cad=rja&sqi=2&ved=0CEcQFjAD&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeslive.co.za%2Fthetimes%2F2012%2F07%2F13%2Fstudy-states-cadre-deployment-behind-service-delivery-hell&ei=JiEhUbTIMoSLhQeX-4GgDg&usg=AFQjCNEiJ_ckLCzUEgrtPoafs9no8w1_vg&sig2=RYokO8Y5F9N0U8mDNMZL9w

(16*) South African Institute of Race relations -- Violence a relic from people's war to make SA ungovernable - Business Day, 20th August 2012. http://www.google.co.za/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=8&cad=rja&sqi=2&ved=0CG0QFjAH&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sairr.org.za%2Fmedia%2Farticles-authored-by-the-institute%2Fviolence-a-relic-from-peoples-war-to-make-sa-ungovernable-business-day-20th-august-2012&ei=Qz4hUe_FCIm3hAf0vIHQCg&usg=AFQjCNFVC3qo_jyK4p5shYaXvAS1j3eGWg&sig2=0tO_auM7D46Nz-0zNfTYOw&bvm=bv.42553238,d.d2k

(17*) The Telegraph -- Lonmin warns miners of jobs threat as strike continues http://www.google.co.za/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CC8QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ffinance%2Fnewsbysector%2Findustry%2Fmining%2F9536576%2FLonmin-warns-miners-of-jobs-threat-as-strike-continues.html&ei=jsJBUcjTI6eR7Abg_4HQCw&usg=AFQjCNEHx-Beb8uHkJ3rtGS9-GFHUiaiWg&sig2=dL6q4oDKotWcWpPS_9nu7A&bvm=bv.43287494,d.ZG4

(18*) Video -- Carte Blanche -- Vineyards Blazing http://www.google.co.za/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&sqi=2&ved=0CDAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbeta.mnet.co.za%2Fcarteblanche%2F&ei=E67_UPO9MNCxhAeEq4CQCQ&usg=AFQjCNHUBFPtCsOUXqqugUfvMEYF4DRCmQ&sig2=wKSU9wUSBPA4bke0Bcihsw

(19*) Business Day Live -- Minister lauds strikers’ ‘victory’ in Cape farm protest http://www.google.co.za/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&sqi=2&ved=0CC8QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bdlive.co.za%2Fnational%2Flabour%2F2012%2F11%2F14%2Fminister-lauds-strikers-victory-in-cape-farm-protest&ei=txQeUebwD8aZhQelxoH4Ag&usg=AFQjCNFIdqVDdz8Tz3RMDZekGN-yhfA7sQ&sig2=6D1yAn9QWm6Zr5PmRdQl_w

(20*) Daily Maverick -- Inter-union tensions flare up at Anglo Platinumhttp://www.google.co.za/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=newssearch&cd=6&cad=rja&ved=0CEEQqQIoADAF&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymaverick.co.za%2Farticle%2F2013-02-19-inter-union-tensions-flare-up-at-anglo-platinum%2F&ei=SlMjUdTdFImXhQeh8ICoAg&usg=AFQjCNEfgqLlFb_OMInCUWYwdniZg1gGaw&sig2=APnG3GmEl51fswTIC3vuEQ

(21*) Daily News -- Thirteen injured in Amplats violencehttp://www.google.co.za/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=newssearch&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CCwQ-AsoAjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iol.co.za%2Fdailynews%2Fnews%2Fthirteen-injured-in-amplats-violence-1.1472686&ei=SlMjUdTdFImXhQeh8ICoAg&usg=AFQjCNHZlaW_3H1WUjLQqj3Jxpkq__TUAw&sig2=iUd0xz3acjkHri_fAoY5dw

(22*) Mail and Guardian -- Why South Africa is so violent
http://www.google.co.za/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&sqi=2&ved=0CDcQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fmg.co.za%2Farticle%2F2010-11-09-why-south-africa-is-so-violent&ei=EeJGUcmOOPOS7Ab2iIGgBw&usg=AFQjCNFKUkZ8Xp-wlY04Mo0T_AuMVrPnFg&sig2=xISso_cW82zrXyQzI3xwtg

(23*) ANC Website -- Address of the Secretary General, Gwede Mantashe, on the occasion of the Brian Bunting Memorial Lecture
http://www.google.co.za/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&sqi=2&ved=0CDoQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anc.org.za%2Fshow.php%3Fid%3D10040&ei=VexCUf-UFauR7Ab68oDYCg&usg=AFQjCNH-c9LyenQ1f5cBRQowBjUXUds6ug&sig2=UHg8F9yvtBA6vwAIxn7v1w

Saturday, February 2, 2013

A. -- INTRODUCTION TO THE NEXT 16 POSTS

The Revolutionary Culture of the ANC, the National Democratic Revolution (NDR), Cadre Deployment, Socialism, Affirmative Action, the Skills Drain, Strikes and Public Violence, Hate Songs, Farm Murders… are part of an Integrated Process 
FIRST PHASE: GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF ANC GOVERNANCE
 
A PERCEPTUAL EVALUATION OF GOVERNMENT’S PERFORMANCE SINCE 1994 IN RESPECT OF ITS FORMING PROCESS

 
  
        Picture 1: President Zuma and President Mogabe of Zimbabwe

 
THE FOCUS OF THIS PART OF THE STUDY
     
This part of the study brings the appplication of the business principles and practice
contained in the earlier part of the study into play.
     
It focuses on an assessment of Government’s performance as it applies to the first
phase of Tuckman’s growth and development process
 
Later posts look at performance in the other phases, i.e. storming, norming and  performing. All evaluations centre on ANC governance since the official end of Apartheid

Forming aims at creating a strong and effective government foundation to support (i) future work processes and (ii) the manner in which officials interact. Actions taken to build a stable and united nation are included in these.
 
The flowchart provides an overview of the Growth and Development Model (Tuckman)  set out in earlier posts on the theory to the approach:
  
Prior knowledge of the earlier post is essential to draw full value from these posts
  




Later chapters and posts concentrate on Government’s performance in the other phases, including the end result, “performing.”


·         AREAS COVERED IN THE NEXT 16 POSTS

The posts follow and integrated sequence and must be read from A to Q

A.     INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

B.     THE DUAL ROLE OF THE ANC

C.     THE ANC’S REVOLUTIONARY BASE

D.    THE ANC’S FRAME OF REFERENCE ON GOVERNANCE: THE NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION (NDR) -- SOCIALISM

E.      REVOLUTION AND PUBLIC VIOLENCE

F.      ANC GOVERNANCE: THE NDR AND CADRE DEPLOYMENT

G.     ANC GOVERNANCE: THE NEW CONSTITUTION – A SOLID START

H.    ANC GOVERNANCE: INCLUSIVENESS IN SOUTH AFRICA’S EARLY FORMING DAYS

I.      ANC GOVERNANCE: FORMING AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

J.     ANC GOVERNANCE: THE FOCUS OF GOVERNMENT STRUCTURING

K.   ANC GOVERNANCE: FORMING AND SOUTH AFRICA’S SKILLS DRAIN 

L.    TEAMBUILDING AND ANC GOVERNANCE

M.    ANC GOVERNANCE: NATIONAL IDENTITY

N.     ANC GOVERNANCE: WHO IS THE “NATION” IN ANC NATION BUILDING?

O.    ANC GOVERNANCE: HATE SONGS PROPAGATING THE KILLING OF WHITE SOUTH AFRICANS

P.     FARM MURDERS… A CONSEQUENCE OF HATE SONGS?

Q.    CONCLUSION: THE FORMING PROCESS
 

·         REFERENCES

The study includes 108 media references, including a number of short videos.

It is possible to access all sources and videos referred to in the study. 
 
Computer keys to use:

Hold “CTRL” whilst clicking on the shortcut provided.
B.  -- THE   DUAL ROLE OF THE ANC

(1*) The ANC deems itself a force of national liberation in the post-Apartheid era; it officially defines its agenda as the National Democratic Revolution (NDR). The ANC is a member of Socialist International 
(2*) The ANC sees itself “not as an ordinary political party bound by the ordinary rules of the political game, but as a national liberation movement responsible for implementing the NDR”. 
(1*) The National Democratic Revolution (NDR) is described as a process through which the National Democratic Society (NDS) is achieved; a society in which people are intellectually, socially, economically and politically empowered. 
(1*) The NDR aims at implementing the Freedom Charter and redressing political and socio-economic inequalities stemming from colonial- and Apartheid-era policies.  
Ruling parties stemming from revolutionary movements, often find it difficult to shift focus to a professional political party. Back in 1994 the ANC Government decided to maintain its revolutionary character. This choice led to a continuation of the freedom struggle.  
The study will show that after 18 years of democracy the ANC is still more than ever devoted to struggle and revolution and that this commitment plays a dominant role in governance.   
The ANC as Government and the ANC as party are separate entities: 
·        Each is guided by its own constitution: The South African Constitution guides and directs the ANC as Government. The ANC Constitution on the other hand, provides direction to the ANC as party.  
·        The South African constitution includes the (3*) Bill of Rights, whilst that of the ANC houses the (4*) Freedom Charter. (5*) The Freedom Charter was born out of the ANC’s struggle against Apartheid.  
These roles are tightly interwoven, making it sometimes virtually impossible to see them apart. Even more difficult is differentiating between loyalties. How could one tell whether an official is pursuing the ANC’s aims or Government’s aims?  

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(1*) Wikipedia -- African National Congress

(3*) Word Press -- Adventure Qualifications -- The Bill of Rights (summary)
(4*) Word Press -- Adventure Qualifications -- The Freedom Charter, 1955
 
(5*) South Africa Overcoming Apartheid – Adoption of the Freedom Charter

C. -- THE ANC’S REVOLUTIONARY   BASE  

Government’s forming process since 1994, has been dominated by the ruling party’s commitment to struggle, but more specifically its devotion to implement the NDR.  
 
1.   THE ANC’S LIBERATION SPIRIT 

The ANC’s web site states: (6*) “Our struggle for freedom has a long history. It goes back to the days when the African people fought spear in hand against the British and Boer colonisers. The ANC has kept this spirit of resistance alive!” 

It goes on to say that: “Over the last 80 years the ANC has brought together millions in the struggle for liberation. Together we have fought for our land, against low wages, high rents and the dompas. We have fought against Bantu education and for the right to vote for a government of our choice”. The ANC emphasises that its history is about revolution and struggle. The National Democratic Revolution plays an important role in this regard. 

(7*) The NDR seeks: “To defeat the white ruling class, represented by monopoly capitalism”  

(8*) The ANC describes the ruling class as: “the small group which owns South Africa’s wealth; those who own and control the decisive sectors of productive property - the mines, the banks and large insurance companies, the factories, large commercial farms and retail firms”.  

(9*) South African History Online refers to a “white ruling class culture” and explains that the “final diminish of the white culture” i.e. eradicating the white culture, leaving no remnants and replacing it with a new culture “will not happen overnight”, hence the ANC’s rationale for a long-term liberation struggle.  

The ANC’s (i) commitment to struggle and (ii) targeting the white ruling class as the enemy, are instrumental in the way the new government structured itself as part of its forming process. 

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(6*) African national Congress – South Africa’s National Liberation Movement – A brief history of the African National Congress

(7*) African national Congress – South Africa’s National Liberation Movement – Tasks of the NDR and the Mobilisation of the Motive Forces
        or

(8*) ANC -- The Nature of the South African Ruling Class

(9*) South African history online – The struggle against cultural racism

2.  THE ANC AND ITS REVOLUTIONARY PARTNERS
 
     
           President Zuma and a Former Friend once willing to Kill for him -- Julius Malema -- Google 

The ANC’s revolutionary base is embedded and anchored in the beliefs and philosophies of its leaders and radical partners (and vice versa). 

The information following provides a glimpse of the extent to which “revolution” has been entrenched in the ANC, its culture, leaders and alliances.  

·     THE ANC YOUTH LEAGUE’S COMMITMENT TO ONGOING REVOLUTION

Two articles, one by “City Press” and the other “In Defence of Marxism” reiterate the Youth League and its former President’s almost obsessive revolutionary intent:

Abstracts from the articles:  

o          (10*) “Malema declared an ‘economic war’ against South Africa’s ‘white minority’. This is war and we should fight moving forward”, he said. “There will be casualties but I know that we are going to win. The day has come and on OR Tambo’s birthday (October 27, 2012) we are going to march to the Johannesburg Stock Exchange and take the battle to the monopoly capital. We will ask all the people with shares to come and share with us. Then we will go to the Union Buildings and sleep outside until our demands for jobs are met. The league was holding its celebrations in Alexandra because its residents were the most ‘reliable forces for the revolution’”, he said. “You are the reason the struggle against Apartheid continued. The time to fight is now and we will reclaim ourselves in South Africa’s economy. If we don’t do it now those who are unemployed will stay that way forever.”  

o          (11*) In Defence of Marxism quotes Malema to say: “...to all economic freedom fighters: total liberation and emancipation of the oppressed and exploited people of South Africa will not only happen in boardrooms and conferences. The people should rise and demand what rightfully belongs to them.” 

Julius Malema was in the meantime removed from his position, but what he said and his “way of doing things” live on in the minds of the youth and working class. 

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(10*) City Press – Malema declares economic war
or

(11*) In Defence of Marxism --- Support the march for economic freedom

·       THE NATIONAL UNION OF METALWORKERS OF SOUTH AFRICA’S (NUMSA) COMMITMENT TO REVOLUTION   

(12*) NUMSA’s Solidarity Statement at the 100th year anniversary of the ANC confirms its unconditional dedication to revolution.  

Abstracts: “The National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa (NUMSA), joins its Federation --- the National the Congress of South African Trade Unions -- the revolutionary workers parliament; a genuine champion of workers’ rights; a voice of conscience; shield and spear of the marginalized workers at the point of production; the voice of reason for the oppressed workers of Africa and the world; fearless opponent of capitalism and staunchest and reliable ally of Africa’s oldest Liberation Movement… hoist its red banners high on this august occasion of 100-years of the African National Congress’s (ANC’s) existence.” 

(12*) SA NGO Pulse Net – NUMSA Solidarity Statement on the 100-years of ANC 

·       THE ANC NATIONAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE’S UNDERTAKING TO REVOLUTION  

(13*) The ANC’s revolutionary dedication is emphasised by the following quote from a statement of its National Executive Committee at the 98th anniversary of the ANC: “We draw great inspiration from these decades of unbroken struggle and re-dedicate ourselves to the cause of the National Democratic Revolution... Amandla, Viva ANC Viva, Viva the Revolutionary Alliance Viva!”
The current National Executive Committee as elected at the 53rd National Conference in Mangaung December 2012 is:

o          Zuma, Jacob

o          Cyril, Ramaphosa

o          Mbete, Baleka

o          Gwede, Mantashe

o          Jessie, Duart

o          Zweli, Mkhize

The Committee also includes Additional and Ex-Officio Members 

The National Executive Committee is the highest organ of the ANC.  
 
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(13*) African National Congress – Statement of the National Executive Committee of the ANC (98th anniversary of the ANC)

·     THE PRESIDENT 

(14*) President Zuma reiterated his ongoing commitment to struggle at the 53rd National Conference when he said: “These ideals we shall fight for, side by side, throughout our lives until we realise our goals”. 

(15*) Speaking at the closing ceremony of the African National Congress' centenary celebrations in Durban, President Zuma concluded his address with a statement by OR Tambo to the people of South Africa on the 10th anniversary of Umkhonto we Sizwe:

Let us arm ourselves with the willpower and fearlessness of Shaka; the endurance and vision of Moshoeshoe; the courage and resourcefulness of Sekhukhuni; the tenacity and valour of Hintsa; the military initiative and guerrilla tactics of Maqoma; the farsightedness and dedication of S.P. Makgatho, Sol Plaatjies, Langalibalele Dube, Isaka ka Seme. W.B. Rubusana, Meshach Pelem, Alfred Mangena, Paramount Chief Letsie II of Lesotho and all founding-fathers of the African National Congress. Let the dream of Moshoeshoe who cherished a great alliance of African people to resist their separate conquest come true in our lifetime. Let us fight for Freedom. The white enemy in South Africa can and must be defeated.” 

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(14*) African National Congress -- National Executive Committee of the ANC delivered by President Jacob Zuma at the 100th anniversary of the ANC


·          RADICAL RHETORIC IN PARLIAMENT 

The revolutionary “face” of the ANC also surfaces in radical rhetoric in Parliament.  

Example: (16*)  A SABC News article reporting on employment equity targets, quotes South African Minister of Labour threatening with “a black revolution”. He said:  “I want to warn them (the white business sector) that the revolution will be a revolution of all black people”  

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(16*) Politics Web – Private Sector not achieving race proportionality – Jimmy Manyi
 
The ANC; its revolutionary leaders and partners; its revolutionary spirit; its unconditional commitment to continuous struggle – accumulate in ANC Governance to fight their common enemy, the white racist minority until all remnants of the previous order have been removed.